Saturday, May 23, 2020

How Does Dickens Engage and Sustain the Reader in Great...

HOW DOES CHARLES DICKENS ENGAGE THE READER IN GREAT EXPECTATIONS? FOCUS ON CHAPTERS 1-8 Great Expectations by Charles Dickens is considered to be the greatest book he has ever sold. By the time Charles Dickens had started his thirteenth novel, Great Expectations, he was a national hero. After living as a shoe polisher, the upper class citizens of England started to realise through his writing what was happening to their fellow lower class citizens. Dickens’ excellence in this book is shown right throughout. However, the way he engages the reader is even more fascinating. He uses many techniques and devices to engage the reader. Jus the title â€Å"Great Expectations† is a huge surprise and the reader would like to know what the†¦show more content†¦This gothic genre would engage the reader from the outset, because of its popularity in those days. This genre had surpassed the romance genre and many other genres in the 1860’s and it was the most popular genre round. Great Expectations has many other genres in it also, for example, comedy, however, the gothic genre stands out the most. The setting of Great Expectations is one of the main techniques Dickens has used to engage the reader. Right from the outset, he has persisted on vibrantly describing the setting. The setting enables the reader to picture the scene more carefully and vividly, and it engages them into the text because they can feel as if they are there. The setting in chapter one, right at the start, when Pip is in the graveyard; we are directly involved, because Pip describes it, so we see the surroundings in the first person narrative. Dickens uses this device cleverly to engage the author right from the beginning. The novel’s opening is set in a graveyard, the surrounding landscapes is described as â€Å"this bleak place overgrown with nettles.† This makes the reader feel vulnerable as they know that nature has overtaken them. Another example of Dickens’ excellence is the way he vividly describes, The Satis House. He excellently uses the gothic theme/genre to make the reader feel fearful, as Miss Havisham is and her house is. He describes the house through Pip’s eyes as â€Å"which was of old brick, and dismal, and hadShow MoreRelated The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells3559 Words   |  15 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells To be denied of information as a reader is far more powerful than to know the truth. In this assignment I will be looking at the two short stories written in the 1800’s: â€Å"The Red Room† by H.G.Wells where a man goes into an apparently haunted room and although he is warned by other old characters he does not listen and the tension builds up as he goes into the room where fear gets the better of him in a room which might Read MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 PagesAND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model† for a piece of criticalRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagesany means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of PerfectBoundâ„ ¢. PerfectBound â„ ¢ and the PerfectBoundâ„ ¢ logo are trademarks of HarperCollins Publishers. Adobe Acrobat E-Book Reader edition v 1. October 2001 ISBN 0-06-018987-8 The original hardcover edition of this book was published in 1991 by HarperBusiness, a division of HarperCollins Publishers. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Marie Contents PREFACE TO THE REVISEDRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmodernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organizationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesan OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

The Theory of Child Development - 1636 Words

The theory of child development, Temperament, is what this case study is based off of. Temperament is a person’s style of reacting to the world and relating to others. I will be judging â€Å"Alice† on the nine temperament traits on a ten point scale. Alice is my 2 year old cousin who knows me well because I frequently babysit her. I recently observed her personality on the nine traits. These traits include; intensity, persistence, sensitivity, perceptiveness, adaptability, regularity, energy, first reaction, and mood. Alice lives in a blended household with her parents â€Å"Amber† and â€Å"Alex† along with her half-sister â€Å"Abby†. Amber and Alex have been married for 5 years and both have a 4 year college degree. Alice is Amber’s first child and Alex’s second. Alex was previously married and had Abby, who is now 10 years old. Abby lives with them half of the time and Alice absolutely adores her. Amber only works part-time, so Alice is not in day care. The days that Amber does work, Alice is babysat by her aunt, â€Å"Gabby†. Gabby has two children of her own, around Alice’s age, who she loves to play with. Alice lives in a safe and friendly neighborhood that has many other young kids and new families. The first Temperament trait I observed Alice on was intensity. This is a trait that tests a child’s emotional responses to an event or to others. To test this theory I performed two experiments. For the first one, I observed how she acted when Amber and Abby left. WhenShow MoreRelatedChild Development Theories1324 Words   |  6 PagesChild Developmental Theories Ashford University PSY 104 Child and Adolescent Psychology June 29, 2009 Child Developmental Theories While theorists have different ideas and perspectives, insight on child and adolescent development can assist teachers and parents in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential. Having knowledge about the developmentRead MoreThe Theories Of Child Development1084 Words   |  5 Pagesimportant values and beliefs within their culture. All of this provides the foundations for cognitive development. As trainee teachers, it is fundamental that we have a deeper understanding of how children learn and how we can support learning. In order to do this we must first look at some of the theories of learning. Theories Prior to the early 20th century little interest was paid to how a child developed; indeed most early research appears to be based on abnormal childhood behaviour (Oates etRead MoreChild Development Theories1560 Words   |  7 PagesChild Development: An Examination of Three Theories There are a lot of theories regarding child development. Three of these theories are Bioecological Theory, Social-Cognitive Theory and Information-Processing Theory. This paper will discuss these theories by comparing and contrasting them. The first theory is the Bioecological Theory developed by Urie Bronfenbrenner. This theory is based on the nature vs. nurture idea. Bronfenbrenner believed development of a child was determinedRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development858 Words   |  4 PagesSocial scientists have given us several theories on child development. There have been three influential theories that have really shaped how we look at the subject. Each one of these theories offers an insightful perspective that has been very influential in how we view child development. The first theory, we will delve into is George Herbert Meads Theory of the Social Self which focused on social interaction with developing human beings. Meads believed that, â€Å"a symbolic interactionist, saw theRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development1053 Words   |  5 PagesArt educators that consider theories of child development when creating lesson plans, are more effective. As art educators, we understand that it is our respon sibility to educate ourselves on the latest research of art development in order to better serve our educational institutions through providing a quality art education for the future generations of innovators in America. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development stages thoroughly explain the biological transition that occurs in elementary schoolRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development803 Words   |  4 PagesIn the early 19th Century, little attention was given to children development. Emphasis were based upon what a child would become as they get older( Green 2013)However, it was investigated by human developmental psychologist that Child development is relevant in relation to how individuals relate in the environment as well as the factors that influence human development. These psychologists developed the human developmental life span which is predominant in the society today, although remains unsubstantiatedRead MoreThe Theories Of Child Development1209 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to development psychology From the beginning of the history, child development was not given an importance but now majority of people have understood its importance. Attachment theory is one of the major theories of child development. According to Bowlby, attachment is characterized by specific behaviours in children, such as seeking proximity with the attachment figure when upset or threatened. There were number of issues that have been debated throughout the history of developmentalRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development2414 Words   |  10 Pagesa sound understanding of theories of child development so they can offer activities that are appropriate for the child’s particular stage of development (Early Education, 2012). This essay will compare and contrast key features of developmental theories by applying them to a particular aspect of child development, the aspect that will be investigated is language acquisition. This essay will consider differing theories of language development such as the be haviourist theory proposed by Skinner (1957)Read MoreThe Theory Of Child Development935 Words   |  4 Pages Lawrence Kohlberg was a developmental theorist who is best known for his specific and detailed theory of child development. Kohlberg believed that there were six stages of child development. He divided those stages into three levels of development. Level one; pre-conventional morality, a child doesn’t have a personal code of mortality and instead, their moral code is shaped by the standards of adults and the consequences of following or breaking of adult rules. Level two; conventional moralityRead MoreThe Theory Of Child Development878 Words   |  4 Pages Urie Bronfenbrenner was a developmental psychologist whose theory of child development really spoke to me. Relating to the microsystem and mesosystem was extremely natural for me. The microsystem is made up of the people or groups you have direct contact with, such as a professor or family member. The mesosystem is the interactions that occur between the microsystems, such as there being a family issue but that issue effecting not only yourself but causing you to have trouble at school or work place

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Screenshot Permission Letter Free Essays

Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399 January 22, 2010 One Microsoft Way Redmond, Wa Subject: Permission to Use Screenshots To Whom this May Concern: Thank you for taking time out your very busy schedule to read this letter. I will cut right to the point so as to keep my intrusion to a minimum. I am an author of head start manuals written specifically for children. We will write a custom essay sample on Screenshot Permission Letter or any similar topic only for you Order Now My latest manual is aimed at providing core computing skills needed in today’s technological world, on training wheels of course. As you are well aware, today’s generation is vastly superior in receiving this vital message. It is my goal to provide an educational tool that is formulated using powerful visual imagery alongside an easy to understand explanation. To borrow the cliche’, â€Å"Pictures speak a thousand words†, I have found that children are highly receptive to imagery. Combining persuasive imagery with accurate documentation will prove to be very effective. I plan to produce several Computer based knowledge books specifically for children. This is going to be the 1st edition, so with this in mind I plan on starting from ground zero and working forward. I would like to include the following screen shots associated with Windows ® XP. This screen shot will provide an explanation for what each icon stands represents, the start button location, and where simple programs are located. [pic] I am a father myself, and I plan to include into the manual many of the exercises that I have implemented into my child’s education that have proven to be highly successful. Finally, I’m hoping to include in the manual the screen shot as shown below to provide simple user skills in Microsoft ® Paint. [pic] Once again I would like to thank you for taking some time out of your busy day to read this letter. Microsoft is a wonderful company that continues to provide the world with outstanding resources enabling prosperity on many levels. I hope to one day say that I played a very small part in this powerful commitment! Sincerely, How to cite Screenshot Permission Letter, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Heart Of DarknessA Essay Research Paper Heart free essay sample

Heart Of Darkness ( A ) Essay, Research Paper Heart of DarknessConrad # 8217 ; s novel, Heart of Darkness, relies on the historical period of imperialism in order to depict its supporter, Charlie Marlow, and his battle. Marlow # 8217 ; s katharsis in the novel, as he goes to the Congo, rests on how he visualizes the effects of imperialism. This paper will analyse Marlow # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; alteration, # 8221 ; as caused by his exposure to the imperialistic nature of the historical period in which he lived. Marlow is asked by # 8220 ; the company # 8221 ; , the organisation for whom he works, to go to the Congo river and study back to them about Mr. Kurtz, a top notch officer of theirs. When he sets canvas, he doesn # 8217 ; t cognize what to anticipate. When his journey is completed, this small # 8220 ; trip # 8221 ; will hold changed Marlow everlastingly! Heart of Darkness is a narrative of one adult male # 8217 ; s journey through the African Congo and the # 8220 ; enlightenment # 8221 ; of his psyche. We will write a custom essay sample on Heart Of DarknessA Essay Research Paper Heart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It begins with Charlie Marlow, along with a few of his companions, cruising aboard the Nellie, a traditional sailing boat. On the boat, Marlow begins to state of his experiences in the Congo. Conrad uses Marlow to uncover all the personal ideas and emotions that he wants to portray while Marlow goes on this # 8220 ; ocean trip of a life-time # 8221 ; . Marlow begins his ocean trip as an ordinary English crewman who is going to the African Congo on a # 8220 ; concern trip # 8221 ; . He is an Englishmen through and through. He # 8217 ; s neer been exposed to any alternate signifier of civilization, similar to the 1 he will meet in Africa, and he has no thought about the drastically different civilization that exists out at that place. Throughout the book, Conrad, via Marlow # 8217 ; s observations, reveals to the reader the naif outlook shared by every European. Marlow every bit good, portions this naivet in the beginning of his ocean trip. However, after his first few minutes i n the Congo, he realizes the ignorance he and all his companions possess. We foremost acknowledge the general naivet of the Europeans when Marlow # 8217 ; s aunt is seeing him for the last clip before he embarks on his journey. Marlow # 8217 ; s aunt is under the premise that the ocean trip is a mission to # 8220 ; wean those nescient 1000000s from their horrid ways # 8221 ; ( 18-19 ) . In world, nevertheless, the Europeans are at that place in the name of imperialism and their exclusive aim is to gain a significant net income by roll uping all the tusk in Africa. Another manifestation of the Europeans obliviousness towards world is seen when Marlow is telling his escapade aboard the Nellie. He addresses his companions who are on board stating: When you have to go to to things of that kind, to the mere incidents of the surface, the world # 8211 ; the world I tell you # 8212 ; slices. The interior truth is hidden fortunately, fortunately. But I felt it all the same ; I felt fre quently its cryptic hush observation over me at my monkey fast ones, merely as it watches you fellows executing on your several tight ropes for # 8212 ; what is it? half a Crown a tumble # 8212 ; ( 56 ) . What Marlow is stating is that while he is in the Congo, although he has to concentrate on the junior-grade small mundane things, such as supervising the fix of his boat, he is still cognizant of what is traveling on around him and of the atrocious world in which he is in the thick of. On the other manus, his friends on the boat merely wear # 8217 ; t cognize of these worlds. It is their ignorance, every bit good as their artlessness which provokes them to state # 8220 ; Try to be civil, Marlow # 8221 ; ( 57 ) . Not merely are they unmindful to the world which Marlow is exposed to, but their naivet is so great, they can # 8217 ; t even grok a topographic point where this # 8217 ; so called # 8217 ; world would even be a bad dream! Hence, their response is clearly call on th e carpeting the words of a # 8220 ; barbarian # 8221 ; for holding said something so pathetic and # 8220 ; uncivilized # 8221 ; . Quite surprisingly, this outlook does non refer entirely to the Englishmen in Europe. At one point during Marlow # 8217 ; s ocean trip down the Congo, his boat hits an tremendous spot of fog. At that really instant, a # 8220 ; really loud call # 8221 ; is let out ( 66 ) . After Marlow looks around and makes certain everything is all right, he observes the contrasts of the Whites and the inkinesss looks. It was really funny to see the contrast of look of the white work forces and of the black chaps of our crew, who were every bit much aliens to this portion of the river as we, though their places were merely eight hundred stat mis off. The Whites, of class greatly discomposed, had besides a funny expression of being distressingly shocked by such an hideous row. The others had an qui vive, of course interested look ; but their faces were basically qu iet. . . ( 67 ) . Once once more, we see the simple-mindedness of the Europeans, even if they were exposed to world. Their outlook is engraved in their heads and is so impliable, that even the environment of the Congo can # 8217 ; t rock their belief that people merely wear # 8217 ; t do the atrocious things Marlow recounts. The Whites are dumbfounded and can non grok how people, in this instance the indigens, would merely assail these guiltless people. That would merely be incorrect! The inkinesss, nevertheless, who are cognizant of the world in which they live, are # 8220 ; basically quiet # 8221 ; . They feel right at place, and are non phased by the scream. Similarly, the difference of outlooks is shown when Marlow speaks of the part of his crew who are man-eaters. While in the thick of his journey, Marlow, rather casually, converses with these man-eaters ; even about their animalistic ways! As Jacques Berthoud said so accurately in his Joseph Conrad, # 8220 ; what would be indefinable horror in London # 8230 ; becomes, on the Congo river, an everyday subject of conversation # 8230 ; # 8221 ; ( 47 ) . These # 8220 ; indefinable horrors # 8221 ; are barely indefinable in the Congo because they are normal happenings at that place. On the Nellie, Marlow explains to his companions, the basic difference between life in Europe, and being in the Congo. He states: You can # 8217 ; t understand. How could you? With solid paving under your pess, surrounded by sort neighbours ready to hearten you or to fall you, stepping finely between the meatman and the police officer, in the holy panic of dirt and gallows and moonstruck refuges # 8212 ; how can you conceive of what peculiar part of the first ages a adult male # 8217 ; s untrammelled pess may take him into by the manner of purdah # 8212 ; arrant purdah without a police officer # 8212 ; by the manner of silence arrant silence, where no warning voice of a sort neighbour can be heard whispering of publi c sentiment ( 82 ) ? In Europe, there are # 8220 ; sort neighbours # 8221 ; who are at that place to do certain that everything is all right. The European lives his life # 8220 ; stepping finely between the meatman and the police officer # 8221 ; . Everywhere he looks, there is ever person there who can # 8220 ; catch him if he is falling # 8221 ; . On the other manus, one time a adult male enters the Congo, he is all entirely. No police officer, no # 8220 ; warning voice of a sort neighbour # 8221 ; # 8230 ; no 1! It is now when Marlow enters the Congo and begins his ocean trip, that he realizes the environment he comes from is non world, and the lone manner he is traveling to detect world is to maintain traveling up the river # 8230 ; There is one specific subject in Heart of Darkness in which the reader can follow Marlow # 8217 ; s development from the # 8220 ; mundane European # 8221 ; to a adult male who realizes his ain naivet and eventually to his denudation of h is ain world. This development comes approximately as a direct consequence of Marlow # 8217 ; s observations of how things are named. This sounds really unusual, that a adult male would happen his true world by detecting the names of certain things. However, it is exactly these observations which change Marlow everlastingly. Marlow foremost realizes the European # 8217 ; s defect of non being able to give something a name of significance, in the beginning of his ocean trip, when he has non rather reached the Congo, but he is highly close. Once, I remember, we came upon a adult male of war anchored off the seashore. There wasn # 8217 ; t even a shed at that place, and she was blasting the shrub. It appears the Gallic had one of their wars traveling on there-abouts. Her ensign dropped like a wilted shred ; the muzzles of the long six inch guns stuck out all over the low hull ; the greasy, slimy crestless wave swung her up lazily and allow her down, rocking her thin masts. In the em pty enormousness of Earth, sky, and H2O, there she was, inexplicable, firing into a continent. Pop, would travel one of the six inch guns ; a little fire would flit and disappear, a small white fume would vanish, a bantam missile would give a lame shriek # 8212 ; and nil happened. Nothing could go on. There was a touch of insanity in the proceeding, a sense of lugubrious clowning in the sight ; and it was non dissipated by person on board guaranting me seriously there was a cantonment of indigens # 8212 ; he called them enemies! # 8212 ; hidden out of sight someplace ( 21 ) . Conrad is learning us something highly of import. Berthoud points out that the # 8220 ; intelligibility of what work forces do depends upon the context in which they do it. # 8221 ; Marlow is watching this happening. He sees the Europeans firing # 8220 ; bantam missiles # 8221 ; and their cannons bring forthing a # 8220 ; pop # 8221 ; . The Europeans, nevertheless, see themselves contending an all out war against the barbarian enemies in the name of imperialism! The Europeans feel that this is an honest conflict, and hence, all get emotionally excited and fight with all they have. Marlow, nevertheless, sees it otherwise. He is now in Africa where world broods. It # 8217 ; s skulking everyplace. The lone thing 1 has to make to happen it is unfastened his head to new and antecedently # 8216 ; unheard # 8217 ; of thoughts. He looks at this event and reduces it from the European # 8217 ; s image of a supposedly intense conflict, with fume and enemies everyplace, to a ineffectual fire of # 8220 ; bantam missiles # 8220 ; into an empty wood. For the first clip, Marlow recognizes the falseness of the European outlook, and their inability to qualify an event for what it is. At the terminal of the transition, his fellow European crewmember is guaranting Marlow that the allied ship is get the better ofing the # 8220 ; enemies # 8221 ; , and that they merely couldn # 8217 ; t see t he # 8220 ; enemies # 8221 ; because they were # 8220 ; hidden out of sight someplace # 8221 ; . In actuality, they # 8217 ; re hiting at guiltless indigens who have likely fled from the country of conflict already. Marlow is get downing to recognize that # 8220 ; what makes sense in Europe no longer makes sense in Africa # 8221 ; ( Berthoud. 46 ) . With that transition, Conrad informs the reader of Marlow # 8217 ; s realisation. From that point on, Marlow is looking to confirm if in actuality, the outlook instilled upon him in Europe is similar to this, or if those are untypical Europeans who are populating in a dream universe. As the novel continues, Marlow recognizes that this defect of non being able to see something for what it is, and in bend, non being able to give it an accurate # 8220 ; label # 8221 ; , is so # 8220 ; the European manner # 8221 ; . There are some names given by the Europeans that merely wear # 8217 ; t suit the feature of the object being named . Marlow points out that the name # 8216 ; Kurtz # 8217 ; means short in German. However, at Marlow # 8217 ; s first glimpse at Kurtz, he comments how Kurtz appears to be # 8220 ; seven pess long # 8221 ; ( 101 ) . Teodor josef konrad korzeniowski shows us, through Marlow # 8217 ; s observation, how Kurtz # 8217 ; s name is merely a blazing oxy-moron. Marlow recognizes yet another obvious deceit. Marlow meets a adult male who is called the # 8220 ; bricklayer # 8221 ; . However, as Marlow himself points out, # 8220 ; there wasn # 8217 ; t a fragment of a brick anyplace in the station # 8221 ; ( 39 ) . During his ocean trip, nevertheless, Marlow doesn # 8217 ; t merely detect this misnaming, but realizes the importance of a name. While catching a conversation between the director of the station and his uncle, he hears Mr. Kurtz being refereed to as # 8220 ; that adult male # 8221 ; ( 53 ) . Although Marlow hasn # 8217 ; t met Kurtz yet, he has heard of his illustrious ness. He now realizes that by these work forces naming him # 8220 ; that adult male # 8221 ; , they strip him of all his properties. When one hears Kurtz, they think of a # 8221 ; really singular individual # 8221 ; ( 39 ) . These work forces are now, by non mentioning to him by his name, denying Kurtz # 8217 ; s achievements. This same thought of falsifying a individual # 8217 ; s character by cha nging his name is displayed elsewhere. The Europeans apply the terms ‘enemy’ and ‘criminals’ to the natives. In actuality, they are simply â€Å"bewildered and helpless victims†¦and moribund shadows†(Berthoud. 46). Clearly, the injustice done by the simple misnaming of someone is unbelievable. After witnessing all of these names which bare no true meaning, as well as possibly degrade a person’s character, Marlow understands that he can not continue in his former ways of mindlessly giving random names to something in fear of diminishing the essence of the recipient. As a result, Marlow finds himself unable to label something for what it is. While under attack, Marlow reefers to the arrows being shot in his direction as â€Å"sticks, little sticks†, and a spear being thrown at his boat â€Å"a long cane†(75–77). When Marlow arrives at the inner station, he sees â€Å"slim posts†¦in a row† with their â€Å" ends ornamented with round carved balls†(88). In truth, these are poles with skulls on top of them. Marlow can formulate a name even for the simplest of things. Taking a step back and looking at his voyage, Marlow realizes the insignificant, mindless, meaningless ‘labels’ which the Europeans use to identify with something, and he wants to be able to â€Å"give to experience, names that have some substance†. At this point, he is similar to Adam in the Garden of Eden who is â€Å"watching the parade of nameless experience† go by. However, Marlow is missing an essential thing which Adam possessed. As opposed to Adam, who was delegated by G-d to name experiences, Marlow lacked this authority to name. It is Kurtz who will become this authority, and eventually teach Marlow the essence of a name(Johnson. 76). Mr. Kurtz is the Chief of the Inner Station. He is a â€Å"universal genius, a prodigy, an emissary of pity science and progress†(40-45). It is Kurtz who will teach Marlow what a name is, for one simple reason†¦ The man presented himself as a voice†¦of all his gifts, the one that stood out preeminently, that carried with it a sense of real presence, was his ability to talk, his words—the gift of expression, the bewildering, the illuminating†¦(79). Kurtz was â€Å"little more than a voice†(80), but there was no one with a voice like his. He could speak with remarkable eloquence, he could write with such precision†¦ he could name with true meaning! â€Å"You don’t talk with that man[Kurtz], you listen to him†(90)! Marlow has heard enough about Kurtz, in this case from his devoted pupil, to know that it is he who can provide Marlow with the authority to offer â€Å"correct and substantial names†(Johnson. 76). Indeed, Kurtz gives Marlow everything Marlow is looking for. However, he does it in a very unconventional way. Kurtz teaches Marlow the lesson with his last words. à ¢â‚¬Å"The horror! The horror!†(118). These last words are Kurtz’s own judgment, judgment on the life which he has lived. He is barbarous, unscrupulous, and possibly even evil. However, he has evaluated at his life, and he has â€Å"pronounced a judgment upon the adventures of his soul on this earth†(118). Marlow sees Kurtz â€Å"open his mouth wide—it gave him a weirdly voracious aspect, as though he wanted to swallow all the air, all the earth, all the men before him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (101). Kurtz takes everything in. He takes his life, and puts it all out on the table. â€Å"He had summed up— he had judged†¦The horror!†(119). Kurtz’s last words is his way of teaching Marlow the essence of a name. A name is not merely a label. It is one man’s own judgment of an isolated event. However, unlike the Europeans who judge based on already existing principles which they have ‘acquired’, Kurtz taught Marlow to look inside of himself and to judge based on his own subjective creeds. While Marlow is recounting the story, he says to his comrades:He must meet that truth with his own true stuff—with his own inborn strength. Principles won’t do. Acquisitions, clothes, pretty rags—rags that would fly off at the first good shake. No; you want a deliberate belief. An appeal to me in this fiendish row—is there? Very well; I hear; I admit, but have a voice too, and for good or evil mine is the voice that can not be silenced (60). This is the lesson which Marlow has learned. Objective standards alone will not lead one to recognize the reality in something. One can not only depend on anther’s principles to find his reality in something because they have not had tobear the pain and responsibility of creating it. Principles are usually acquisitions, which like other things we acquire rather than generate, like clothes are easily shaken off. The power of speech which will sustain a man is the power to create or affirm for one’s self a deliberate, or a chosen belief (Bruce Johnson. 79). This judgment must be from one’s own internal strengths. That is why Marlow says, â€Å"for good or evil, mine is the speech that can not be silenced†. As Kurtz has taught him with his own judgment, a judgment of truth overpowers morality. To find one’s own reality, one must not rely solely on other people’s morality, others people’s ‘principles’ and he must assess his own life. What Kurtz did is that he showed that regardless of whether the truth is good or bad, one must face up to his reality. He must face up to his own actions even when the conclusion is â€Å"the horror†, and by doing so, he will find his true reality. Marlow understands that being true to yourself is not following anther’s moral code, but being able to judge one’s self honestly and uncover their own reality. It is because of this u nderstanding that Marlow claims that Kurtz’s last words is â€Å"a moral victory paid for by innumerable defeats†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (120). Despite Kurtz’s immoral ways, he is victorious because he didn’t run away from the truth; and that is his moral victory. He is true to himself.!On his voyage, Marlow notices at one of the stations, a picture that Kurtz had drawn when he was there. It is a â€Å"sketch in oils on a panel representing a woman draped and blindfolded, carrying a lighted torch. The background was sombre—almost black†(40). At the time, Marlow didn’t really know what it meant. However, this is a precise representation of Kurtz himself. Firstly, the background was â€Å"sombre—almost black†. This is a manifestation of Kurtz because his life is full of darkness. He kills, he steals, and he is worshipped as a god. Kurtz cannot be without blackness and survive. In addition, the picture displays the lesson itself. It is a pi cture of the lady of justice holding a torch. This is Kurtz’s role. Unlike Europe, which imposes their principles upon others, he is merely there to â€Å"illuminate†(79). Kurtz is there to expand the peoples minds, to introduce them to a broad new spectrum of reality. However, he does not impose his own reality upon them. Hence, he is blindfolded in the picture. To him, they make a subjective decision and they find their own truth, regardless of what that truth may be. That is his lesson. Eventually Marlow realizes that Kurtz’s picture was in essence, a self portrait. The same thing which Kurtz conveyed with ‘the horror’, he conveyed with this picture. Marlow’s realization is evident with this remark. â€Å"I don’t like work—no man does—but I like what’s in the work—the chance to find yourself. Your own reality—for yourself, not for others†(47). Marlow learns the essence of ‘namingâ€⠄¢ and understands what it means to ‘be yourself’. However, Marlow has encountered two extremes. The European mentality, which is completely oblivious to reality, and Kurtz, a man who has found his reality, but it is one of horror and no restraint from any wrongdoing. He is now returning to his home to deal with his former world, however, he now possesses his new ‘understanding’. Marlow cannot return to his previous ‘European ways’ simply because he has ‘been enlightened’ and lost his naivet . However, why can’t he adapt Kurtz’s ways and live the other extreme? At one point, Marlow had â€Å"peeped over the edge†(119). Why didn’t he ‘jump over’?Marlow is repelled from joining Kurtz for several reasons. Firstly, Kurtz had â€Å"kicked himself loose from the earth†¦he had kicked the earth to pieces. He was alone, and I[Marlow] before him did not know whether I stood on the ground or floa ted in the air†(112). Kurtz had denied any sort of moral convictions in order to be worshipped as a god. Because of this unmonitered power, Kurtz lost all sense of restraint and became the savage that he was. Marlow, however, has not lost his sense of morality. What Marlow rejected in Kurtz was the â€Å"complete absence in Kurtz of any innate or transcendental sanctions†(Johnson. 99). It is because of Marlow’s rejection of both the Europeans, who Marlow claims are full of â€Å"stupid importance†, and of Kurtz’s inability to establish his own moral code, that Marlow chooses an â€Å"alternative reality†(Berthoud. 60). The first time the reader witnesses Marlow’s choice and becomes a centrist, is when he first gets back to Europe. Marlow finds himself resenting the way the Europeans went about their life, â€Å"hurrying through the streets to filch a little money from each other†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (120).Not only did he find their lives mean ingless, but he mocked them to himself. â€Å"I had no particular desire to enlighten them, but I had some difficulty restraining myself from laughing in their faces so full of stupid importance†¦ I tottered about the streets†¦grinning bitterly at perfectly respectable people. I admit my behavior was inexcusable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (120). Although Marlow looked down upon these Europeans, he says something remarkable. He judged his own actions and found them ‘inexcusable’. This is his manifestation of breaking away from Kurtz’s extreme. Unlike Kurtz who lacked all restraint and would never find looking down on people bad, Marlow realized that he couldn’t hold it against them simply because they didn’t know better. Clearly, Marlow is edging toward a ‘middle ground’. Despite this act of judgment, the reader doesn’t know exactly where Marlow stands. However, Marlow does something that is the quintessential act of affirmation that he has chose the middle of the two extremes. While aboard the Nellie, Marlow tells his comrades that â€Å"I hate, detest, and can’t bear a lie†¦simply because it appalls me. There is a taint of death, a flavor of mortality in lies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (44). Towards the end of the novel, Marlow is invited by Kurtz’s fiancee to go to her house to speak of her beloved Kurtz. Upon her asking Marlow what his last words were, Marlow responded â€Å"The last word he pronounced was—your name†(131). He lies to her. He does something he utterly detests. This is the event that convinces the reader of Marlow’s uptaking of a middle position. He does look inside himself and use his own personal ability to judge this event. He does what Kurtz had told him. Despite his abhorrence of lies, he judges this situation and decides that it was right to lie. However, he is different from Kurtz. Kurtz did judge every event independently, however, he does it solely based on his own whims. He could not incorporate any objective principles whatsoever in making his decision. Marlow does judge every event independently, however, he can not rely solely on his own creeds. Regardless of his decision, he will always incorporate some objective principles into his judgment. Marlow now creates his ‘alternative reality’ and achieves his truth. When Marlow was exposed to the imperialistic environment of the congo, it had a tremendous effect upon him. The protagonist of Conrad’s novel undergoes a drastic change in response to his environment, common only to that specific time period. Kurtz shows Marlow the flaws in the Europeans imperialistic ideals. Kurtz sees the meaninglessness of European standards of the time, and therefore changes his entire perception and behavior.